The graph illustrates the population trends of India and China from 2000 to the present day, along with projections for their growth up to 2050.
From 2000 to the present, China’s population has consistently been larger than India’s. However, China’s growth rate has slowed significantly over the years, whereas India’s population has grown steadily. In the early years of this period, China maintained a substantial lead, but the gap has narrowed consistently. Around the current year, the populations of both countries converge, with India’s surpassing China’s shortly thereafter.
Looking ahead, the projection indicates a stark contrast in future population trends. While India’s population is expected to continue growing steadily until 2050, China’s population is projected to decline slightly after peaking. By 2050, India’s population is expected to be significantly larger, positioning it as the world’s most populous country.
The diverging trends can be attributed to differing demographic factors. China’s population control policies, such as the one-child policy implemented in the late 20th century, have contributed to its slower growth and eventual decline. In contrast, India’s younger population and higher birth rates have sustained its growth.
In summary, the graph highlights a pivotal demographic shift. While China has long held the title of the world’s most populous country, India is set to overtake it in the near future due to sustained growth, emphasising the importance of planning for the social, economic, and environmental challenges associated with such significant population changes.