The graph given above is the population change graph of China and India between 2000 and 2050. This text is a report on the analysis and interpretation of this graph. We see in the graph that while China had a higher population than India in the early 2000s, the Indian population catches up with the Chinese population in 2030, and while the population of the two countries is equal to each other in this year, it is observed that the Chinese population starts to decrease and the Indian population increases afterwards. Looking at the graph, it is possible to say that by 2050, India will overtake China and take the lead as the most populous country in the world. The reason why China left the leadership to India can be shown by the harsh demographic policies, such as the “one-child policy,” implemented in the past. The population increase and decrease that these two countries will experience in the following period will affect both countries both socially and economically. The fact that India will have a younger and more dynamic population with its increasing population in the future may lead to economic growth, but it may also cause infrastructure problems and a lack of resources. China’s declining youth population may leave the country with labour shortages and some economic difficulties.