The human organism is unique in the universe, it is a machine doomed to extinction. To renew the human body is the goal of modern science… and it pushes the boundaries of genetic science. One last piece of science: cloning. In other words, it is the creation of the genes of an organism exactly the same as each other. Cloning, in its simplest definition, can be explained as the creation of a genetic copy of a living species by asexual reproduction method. All DNA sequences of the clone are exactly the same as the donor whose genetic copy was created. So again, in its simple form, it is an exact copy. Dolly, the first human clone, was the first example of creating a new identical creature using the genetic material of an adult mammal…
There are two types of cloning. The first of these is therapeutic cloning, which aims to create embryonic stem cells for use in treatment. It is supported because it wants to be developed. On the other hand, reproductive cloning is considered unethical and causes reactions. Today, 62 countries oppose human cloning. Clerics and politicians are against human cloning because the idea of creating artificial human beings interferes with creation. As a result of Turkey’s first clone studies, the arrival of Oyali and Zarife to the world and the stages of their work are described. The cloning method, which will be used in many diseases in the future, allows us to have connected ideas for the future. It also illuminates the way for science.
Since the first successful execution of the process in 1996, cloning has become a useful technique in the field of biotechnology. Through cloning, transgenic (organisms having genes of interest inserted in their genome) plants and animals are used to make clones from adults. As many organisms on Earth threatened with extinction, cloning appears to be a possible solution for restoring populations. Cloning can even increase the diversity of the gene pool by using the genetic material of an organism that has already died. Another major benefit of cloning is that it can be used as a means of increasing agricultural production, especially in terms of livestock and fresh produce. Manipulating their biological processes ensures that interesting traits emerge without genetic “lottery tickets” and randomization of genes occurring during meiosis. Last but not least, cloning was used as a means for sterile and same-sex couples to create children. Often, couples will want their child to be born. Interestingly, genetic manipulation can now be aimed at giving a child the genetic traits of both parents. Although cloning promises to bring enormous benefits to research and industry, endpoints can sometimes only be determined due to the risk of loss and high morbidity of organisms during development. Having said that, the process of cloning remains to be elucidated. Although genetically identical, the clones were not identical in behavioral attributes. That being said, there is no guarantee that they will be similar in terms of appearance. One of the strongest arguments against cloning is its ethical issues. Beyond the idea of manipulating living organisms, critics say the mere process of making clones requires harnessing life. In the case of Dolly the sheep, more than 277 attempts were made before a viable clone was produced. It just goes to show that scientists would have to make countless “failed” attempts if they were to clone humans.